Psychedelics have been used as tools for spiritual purposes, healing, and growth for thousands of years, likely as far back as prehistoric times [6, 7]. Psychoactive substances such as psilocybin found in mushrooms [8] and mescaline found in cacti [9] have played important roles in many cultures around the world. Western/European and scholarly work on psychedelics appears to have begun when mescaline was identified in the peyote cactus in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries [10]. The discovery of LSD in 1943 by Albert Hoffman in Switzerland further catalyzed interest in psychedelics by greatly increasing access among clinicians, scientists, and the public [11]. During the 1950s and 1960s, psychedelic research flourished as scientists attempted to understand more about the psychedelic experience and how it could potentially be used for therapeutic benefit in the treatment of mental illness (for a review, see Grinspoon and Bakalar [12]). While much of this early research took place in the USA, psychedelic research also took place in other Westernized countries including the Czech Republic [13] and Canada [14].
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